10379 little deer drive gra10/31/2022 During the Iron Age and era of classical antiquity, the expansion of ancient Rome, both the Republic and then the Empire, throughout the ancient Mediterranean and Western Europe built upon existing systems of agriculture while also establishing the manorial system that became a bedrock of medieval agriculture. 3300 BC, witnessed the intensification of agriculture in civilizations such as Mesopotamian Sumer, ancient Egypt, ancient Sudan, the Indus Valley civilisation of the Indian subcontinent, ancient China, and ancient Greece. In Australia, agriculture was invented at a currently unspecified period, with the oldest eel traps of Budj Bim dating to 6,600 BC and the deployment of several crops ranging from yams to bananas. Bananas were cultivated and hybridized in the same period in Papua New Guinea. Sugarcane and some root vegetables were domesticated in New Guinea around 7000 BC. Several plants were cultivated, later to be replaced by the Three Sisters cultivation of maize, squash, and beans. Evidence of agriculture in the Eastern United States dates to about 3000 BCE. Cotton was domesticated in Peru by 4200 BC another species of cotton was domesticated in Mesoamerica and became by far the most important species of cotton in the textile industry in modern times. Maize ( Zea mays) found its way to South America from Mesoamerica, where wild teosinte was domesticated about 7000 BC and selectively bred to become domestic maize. Cassava was domesticated in the Amazon Basin no later than 7000 BC. In the Andes of South America, the potato was domesticated between 8000 BC and 5000 BC, along with beans, squash, tomatoes, peanuts, coca, llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs. In South America, agriculture began as early as 9000 BC, starting with the cultivation of several species of plants that later became only minor crops. Sanga Cattle was likely also domesticated in North-East Africa, around 7000 BC, and later crossbred with other species. The helmeted Guinea fowl was domesticated in West Africa. Plantains were cultivated in Africa by 3000 BC and Bananas by 1500 BC. Other plant foods domesticated in Africa include Watermelon, Okra, Tamarind and black eyed peas, along with tree crops such as the Kola nut and oil Palm. Teff and likely Finger Millet were domesticated in Ethiopia by 3000 BC, along with Noog, Ensete, Coffee. Rice ( African Rice) was also independently domesticated in West Africa and cultivated by 1000 BC. Yams were domesticated in several distinct locations, including West Africa (unknown date), and Cowpeas by 2500 BC. In subsaharan Africa, Sorghum was domesticated in the Sahel region of Africa by 3000 BC, along with Pearl Millet by 2000 BC. Camels were domesticated late, perhaps around 3000 BC. Cattle were domesticated from the wild aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey and India around 8500 BC. Pigs were domesticated in Mesopotamia around 11,000 years ago, followed by sheep. Rice was also independently domesticated in West Africa and cultivated by 1000 BC. Rice was domesticated in China by 6200 BC with earliest known cultivation from 5700 BC, followed by mung, soy and azuki beans. Rye may have been cultivated earlier, but this claim remains controversial. By around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops – emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chickpeas, and flax – were cultivated in the Levant. The earliest evidence of small-scale cultivation of edible grasses is from around 21,000 BC with the Ohalo II people on the shores of the Sea of Galilee. However, domestication did not occur until much later. Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago. They switched from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to permanent settlements and farming. The development of agriculture about 12,000 years ago changed the way humans lived. At least eleven separate regions of the Old and New World were involved as independent centers of origin. 1200 BC.Īgriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa. Painting from the burial chamber of Sennedjem, c. Ploughing with a yoke of horned cattle in Ancient Egypt.
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